MORPHOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR BREEDING SIGNIFICANCEм
Authors
-
M.M. Sarimsakov
Research Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesResearch Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
- Z.M. Ziyayev Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
-
Kh. M. Khasanov
Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55956/WUPG7269Keywords:
genetic resources, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), gene pool, genotype, morphobiological traits, breeding, spike structure, grain, thousand kernel weight, phenological traits.Abstract
Abstract. This article presents a comprehensive study of the morphobiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic resources and their breeding significance. The research was conducted in 2024–2025 and included 384 collection samples obtained from various geographical regions (Central Asia, Russia, Africa, America, and Asian countries). Key agronomically valuable traits such as phenological stages (emergence, heading, maturation), plant height, spike structure, and thousand kernel weight were thoroughly analyzed. The results revealed significant phenotypic variability among the genotypes. The thousand kernel weight ranged from 46 to 56 g, with an average value of 50.7 g, indicating high stability of this trait. In addition, considerable differences were identified among the samples in terms of resistance to yellow rust, with some genotypes demonstrating high resistance, making them valuable donors for breeding programs. The most promising results were observed in samples belonging to the Lutescens, Erythrospermum, and Aestivum groups. These samples are characterized by large grain size, high productivity, and adaptability to environmental conditions. The obtained results provide an important scientific and practical basis for the effective utilization of wheat gene pool, conservation of genetic diversity, and development of new high-yielding varieties resistant to stress factors under climate change conditions.
Abstract. This article presents a comprehensive study of the morphobiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic resources and their breeding significance. The research was conducted in 2024–2025 and included 384 collection samples obtained from various geographical regions (Central Asia, Russia, Africa, America, and Asian countries). Key agronomically valuable traits such as phenological stages (emergence, heading, maturation), plant height, spike structure, and thousand kernel weight were thoroughly analyzed. The results revealed significant phenotypic variability among the genotypes. The thousand kernel weight ranged from 46 to 56 g, with an average value of 50.7 g, indicating high stability of this trait. In addition, considerable differences were identified among the samples in terms of resistance to yellow rust, with some genotypes demonstrating high resistance, making them valuable donors for breeding programs. The most promising results were observed in samples belonging to the Lutescens, Erythrospermum, and Aestivum groups. These samples are characterized by large grain size, high productivity, and adaptability to environmental conditions. The obtained results provide an important scientific and practical basis for the effective utilization of wheat gene pool, conservation of genetic diversity, and development of new high-yielding varieties resistant to stress factors under climate change conditions.
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